Business Law and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business Law and Ethics - Essay Example The utilitarian ethics is also considered in this case. I would act in a manner that favors the greatest number of people. The stakeholder’s theory as well stockholder theory still will be analyzed. These are in matters of my duties and obligation to these parties. A rationale is laid down on the action to adopt which affects the biggest number of people. An analysis of the cost outlay and benefit is down in this case. Further I would assess what other people have done in such situations and look into my rights in law. In light to these, I would blow the whistle on the violations of the inspection protocols of Delectables. A great number of risk and benefits is involved here. The first risk is losing my job since it will entail exposing the organization’s bad conduct. The other risk would involve the loss to the company. The company stands at facing a major litigation that would lead to high consumer base loss. This in turn would case reduced turnover. On the contrary, there are benefits that stand in blowing the whistle. These entail the duty owed to the public. The social aspect of honouring and acting in due care is at the core of my decision making process. The risk of the contaminating salmonella is too high should the process of violation continue. The harm to the public could be damaging if this behaviour progresses. The factors that I would consider include: safety to the public at large, the environmental damage and further the cost benefit analysis. I would not sign the quality co ntrol form because the company is in violation of the ethical standards of safety. The root cause of contamination is the hygiene aspect. The protocols laid down have all been violated. The staff wears their uniform at home thereby placing a risk of carrying the bacteria to the production area, the storage of raw peanuts and the roasted peanuts risks contamination and further the

FAMILY VIOLENCE AND ABUSE Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FAMILY VIOLENCE AND ABUSE - Research Paper Example They tend to develop issues with their emotions (Wallace 1996). In 1994 and 1996 the Congress passed the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) that confirms domestic violence is a national crime and Federal laws can help overburden State and local Criminal Justice System. VAMA is a legislative act that aims to improve criminal justice and community-based responses to domestic violence; violence in dating or courtship, sexual assault and stalking in the United States (Dziedzic 2009). Additionally, children who become offenders or victims may face great obstacles in life, like emotional, mental, and physical development. These obstacles include attention deficit, lack of proper social skills, educational difficulties, substance abuse and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (Lloyd 2001). It is a federal crime under the VAWA, under the Gun control act for convicted felons to have a firearm or ammunition after conviction of a misdemeanour crime of domestic violence and a maximum prison penalty term of ten years depending on the seriousness of the bodily harm caused (Wallace 1996). The legislation defines domestic violence in-depth and understanding of the law to avoid misinterpretation. The offender gets a clear and proper judgment and proper action undertaken. The legislation also covers the rights of the victims and the offenders as it ensures both parties are properly represented. In the gun act where felons are prohibited from owning a gun or ammunitions helps a lot in ensuring that the spouse or children dont assault with a weapon that kills. Also, stalking is prohibited in some state with the intent to injure or cause bodily harm to a person who shared intimacy or were intimate with (Dziedzic 2009). These laws prevent further harm to people as many are often harassed by their former lovers who stalk them with intent to harm him or her due to the fact that their relationship did not go as they expected it to go, actions can now be

Contemporary Management Essay Example for Free

Contemporary Management Essay Trivia: Did you know that 280 years ago, the British government announced if not the world’s first, then certainly the world’s largest prize for innovation at 20,000 pounds reward for anyone who can â€Å"discover the longitude†- according to John Brandt. What is innovation? Why do organizations pay so much on research and development just to develop more of these? In a nutshell: 1. Innovation is something that is created as â€Å"new†. * According to Marion Hembrick: Deliberate use of resources to create something new whether a new product, process, policy or procedure. Ex: An example of an innovation is that of a three-wheel car in 1886 by Mercedes Benz. * People use innovations for competitive advantage or to increase market share or ta have a better system, but is innovation alone essential in an existence of an organization? 2. Innovation is a game changer: Something that is perceived to be different and could contribute to a change in lifestyle. As said by Sheremata in â€Å"Strategy in Network Markets† there are two types of innovation: radical and incremental. -In competing with market leaders, challengers do innovations to gain market shares. * Radical * provide large improvements, costly and risky. Challengers hoping to gain monopoly power. * high possible return and embodies new knowledge * may affect competitive outcome * DISRUPTIVE-can penetrate and be widely accepted or it can fail and may bring about signification loss/cost an organization according to Christensen * Example: radical innovation of a 3-wheel petrol car to a 4-wheel petrol car which change lives and made it so easy with the convenience of driving or riding. * The move of a four wheel car was a game changer because it was an radical innovation that was widely accepted, where it changed lives. * Combined, adapted and improved and introduced as a â€Å"new and independent† innovation replacing the new from the old. * In technology, progress has been achieved through small incremental innovations that build upon each other: Jeff Lill of Microsoft said: A competitor comes in and does something interesting, then we come in and basically clone it and do it marginally better and throw some marketing clout behind it and then relentlessly make it better through the years. That is our strategy and it has worked†. * Incremental * Small or minor improvement. * Sustaining according to Christensen. * Market leaders merely do incremental innovations * Cheaper, doesn’t give impact in market share, but still done for sustainability * Ex: a minor change in a car’s dashboard, door or design. According to Everett Rogers: Innovation has five stages: 1. Knowledge stage- awareness stage 2. Persuasion stage- gather interest through be informed about the dimensions of the innovation 3. Decision- adopt or reject 4. Implementation- using the innovation 5. Confirmation- continue using or acceptance of innovation/ market penetration Innovation comes a long way not only with products. There are lots of successful innovations and there where those that failed as well. Innovation comes in different forms with the hope of improvement in shares, systems, and process. It may be changing the policies in your workplace to gain a more conducive environment. Is innovation important in your industry, because in this fast changing world, innovation plays a very big role in technology, but is it the same with other industries? With your company perhaps? Today the group is going to show you different views of different situations where innovation came distinct. Listen and Decide. Angelmar, R. 1990, Product innovation: A tool for competitive advantage, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 182-189. den Butter, Frank A. G, Mà ¶hlmann, J.L. Wit, P. 2008, Trade and product innovations as sources for productivity increases: an empirical analysis, Journal of Productivity Analysis, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 201-211. Hambrick, Marion E. Diffusion of Innovation. Encyclopedia of Sports Management and Marketing. Ed. Linda E. Swayne and Mark Dodds. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 2011. 388-90. SAGE Reference Online. Web. 2 Feb. 2012 Innovation as a Strategy In Network Markets 2008, , Sage Publications. Jon Hughes 1999, The Innovators Dilemma. Neal Wyatt 2009, A History of Innovation and a Future of Possibility, Reference User Services Quarterly, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 116. Product Innovation and Development in UK, German and Irish Manufacturing, 1997, Long Range Planning, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 315-315 Richard Gray, Stavroula Malla Peter W.B. Phillips 2006, Product innovation in the Canadian canola sector, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 65-7 Sheremata, W.A. 2004, Competing through Innovation in Network Markets: Strategies for Challengers, The Academy of Management Review, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 359-377. . Quality of Presentation Purpose: * to make audience think whether innovation is important or not * to prove that innovation, solely, doesn’t necessarily prove success nor failure * examples shown gave wide perspective and opened awareness to audience that there are different ways of achieving success depending on the industry and situation of the company: innovation may be or may not be important for survival * the presentation portrayed different scenarios to give the audience an overview of the different situations to gauge the risks on the success and failures innovation can give. * To some extent, the group agrees with the survival innovation can bring about, but there are other factors that should be put into consideration with bringing innovation in the market such as: compatibility of innovation in the industry, marketing, and timing * Why?- * Because innovation is dependent on the company or industry that it may give a positive or negative effect on. In conclusion, it depends whether a company needs innovation to live because with the different scenarios and examples presented, it showed that it does not necessarily follow that a company dies because there is no or weak innovation. Structure and Content: * Introduction- a brief overview of the definition of innovation and the introduction of the different views of situations where innovation and none innovation helped or failed in different companies. Answers the question why people or companies innovate. * Why?- proposing different views on whether innovation is needed in a company’s survival or existence * Brief examples: * Innovate and Live- (Apple, Google, 3M, Toyota, Microsoft) * Discussion of the Culture of Innovation * Senior Management Innovators: Steve Jobs * New and well designed products * Steady innovation in technology and tools where there is tough competition * Empowers innovation and balance products to cost requirements * Successful production (TPS) with management hybrid * Take existing products to improve * Didn’t innovate and Live- (COKE) * Not innovative * Used 4 P’s in Marketing-Product, Place, Price, Promotion * Acquisition and Risks of Acquisition * Innovate and Died- (KODAK) * Brief definition and situational examples of disruptive and sustaining innovations * Middle management resistance/CEO whether to innovate or not * Culture, core competencies- core rigid * Didn’t Innovate and Died- (Onetel, Fletcher Jones, Borders) * Reselling Optus-corporate Governance failure * High cost of production (producing) compared to import * Not embracing technology Wrap up: * Reiterating of the definition of innovation, how innovation is perceived in the presentation * How innovation is accepted in the society * Historical innovations: * modeling the different examples and the stands of each of the previous examples presented * going behind the culture of innovation * Today and innovation:survival, acceptance * Globalization in the market place and the build of innovation * The success and decline of different innovations: short term and longterm like facebook, networking, etc. * What affects innovations and how people accept or reject innovation * By-products synergy, networking what waste is produced by the company and finding a market place for the waste produced * Philanthropy * Dynamic management Delivery: Middle and Senior Management Individuals * Make them think whether they need innovation in their company or not may it be in the innovation of products manufactures, process, policy and procedures in the system. * Show them risks of innovation and make the audience aware that innovation may be beneficial for some and may be a cause of bankruptcy for others like KODAK * Why should you care?

Settlers Effect On The Plains Indians History Essay

Settlers Effect On The Plains Indians History Essay The new railroads in the West occasioned by the Civil War opened up the area to economic development and new settlers. American settlers from the East entered via the Mississippi to ranch farm and mine. Native American settlers also poured from Deep South after being convinced that prosperity was only found in the West. Chinese workers constructing the railroads worsened diversity of the population in this region. The Great Plains underwent transformation because of settlers from the east. Farmers cultivated wheat and other crops on their lands and wiped out herds of American bison. The industry of cattle blossomed as the railroads provided a means of transport to market the cattle (Josephy 32). The lives of African-Americans residing in the west were drastically affected by the increase in white settlement and disappearing of bison. Civil conflicts led to occasional victories by the American Indians despite great US military force and the large number of white settlers. By mid 1980s, over 50% of American Indians had been pushed into reservation areas that least appealed to the white settlers. Because of the civil war, there was a huge traffic of people entering the West Mississippi. These people originated from Midwest and East as well as Asia and Europe. Millions of people had been lured by the promise of riches from gold mines, cheap lands and the imagination of a better living style. The new railroads offered a new means of transportation for the settlers while some of them sailed in order to arrive to the west coast. They settled on the Great Basin, Great Plains, and South West, enduring disillusionment, danger, and hardship. By 20th Century, the white settlers had acquired new homesteads, industries, and communities. Some of them became greatly successful although most of the settlers did not succeed in achieving the wealth they desired (Trigger and Wilcomb 22). Since the arrival of the white settlers, there was a misunderstanding between them and the Indians. For example, non-Indians did not recognize the religious practices of the native tribes, which include worshiping of animal and plant spirits. In addition, the Plain Indians believed in a complicated system of Kinship based on extended families: the settlers could not comprehend this. Such cultural differences made the white settlers view native people as barriers too civilization (Smith and Allen 47). As the Americans organized new states and territories in the West, it gave a clear indication that Native Americans were prohibited from roaming over the land occupied by non-natives. The US policy aimed at establishing small pieces of land for different tribes and motivated them to practice agriculture. While some tribes peacefully settled on the reservations, most of them were resistant and did not give up their way of life and their lands (Philip 18). Losing the bison on the Great Plains was a huge threat to the survival of Indians than the battle with the US army. The American Indians relied on the bison as a source of fuel, shelter, clothing, and food. Although the destruction of the bison was not under the federal policy, the practice was approved by army commanders as a way of destroying key aspects of the Indian life. Besides, hunters were hired along the railroads killing wildlife animals whilst providing food to the workers of the transcontinental lines. After the completion of the railroads, the settlers used chartered cars to shoot the bison. As of 1975, they had killed millions of bison, which provided material for hides in the East. After a decade, the bison species became extinct. This situation was worsened because they had abandoned their nomadic lifestyle. As a result, the Indians had no option but to accept living on the reservations (McNickle 52). The system of reserving Indians on small pieces of land did not succeed. Most of the families were reserved on marginal lands that made it impossible for them to develop farming practices that could sustain them. The government could not fulfill its promise of supplying them with food and other needs. This made the government abandon its hard held policy of viewing the tribes as sovereign states. The purpose of the new land was to promote farming among the native tribes through breaking the reservations (American Journey 547). The policy allowed the land to be distributed per each household. After the distribution, citizenship and title of ownership was given to each owner. However, this was not done to all the members of the native tribes. The reserved land that had not been allocated to the native Americans were sold to interested people. Although this was a humanitarian reform, the US policy did not recognize the communal lifestyle of Native Americans: this led to the loss of mill ions of acres of land belonging to the Indians (Smith and Allen 39). The Plains Indian tribes were desperate and had an urge to restore their past; they were attracted to the Ghost Dance: a religious group. This movement had promised them that it would protect them from the white settlers, and the bullets of the American soldiers. It had also promised to bring the herds of Bison back. Efforts of reviving cultural practices of the Native Americans raised concerns among the US army and the settlers. This is because they were worried that it would increase the Indian resistance. When the US army failed to ban the Ghost Dance Movement, they adopted methods that are more aggressive. As of 1980, the US military had killed over 300 children, women, and men. This led a confrontation that marked of Plains Indian resistance (Trigger and Wilcomb 30). In the beginning of 19th Century, the American government decided that it would use treaties to solve the conflict between non-Indian settlers and the Plains Indian tribes. These treaties were meant to restrict the Native American tribes from moving to certain regions. Later, the federal government established a permanent frontier where displaced eastern tribes could live. In 1854, the US government reserved a vast region for the settlers (McNickle 72). Plains Indians were reserved and pressurized to embrace change. They deployed new resistant strategies but did not succeed. The Great Plains underwent transformation because of settlers from the east. Farmers cultivated wheat and other crops on their lands and wiped out herds of American bison. The cattle industry blossomed because the railroads provided a means of transport to market the cattle. However, they have demonstrated their skills in adapting to change and hardship while using the most available opportunity. They have worked for wages, traded, hunted, protested, lobbied, prayed, danced, made war, ranched and farmed. Using their adaptive approaches, the Plains Indians have maintained themselves as unique population despite the challenges (Smith and Allen 20). Work Cited Josephy, Alvin. America in 1492: The World of the Indian People before the Arrival of Columbus. New York: Alfred A. Knopf 2002. History Reference Center. McNickle, DArcy. Native American Tribalism: Indian Survivals and Renewals. London: Oxford University Press, 2003 JSTOR. Philip, Kenneth. John Colliers Crusade for Indian Reform, 1920à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1954. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2007 Print. Smith, Paul, and Allen Robert. Like a Hurricane: The Indian Movement from Alcatraz to Wounded Knee. 2006 New York Times Historical Database. Trigger, Bruce and Wilcomb Washburn, eds. The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006 Print. The American Journey. Upper Saddle River: Pearson, 2011. Print.

Revelations of Mans Dark Self in Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness lighthod

Heart of Darkness: Revelations of Man's Dark Self  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In Joseph Conrad's book Heart of Darkness the Europeans are cut off from civilization, overtaken by greed, exploitation, and material interests from his own kind.   Conrad develops themes of personal power, individual responsibility, and social justice.   His book has all the trappings of the conventional adventure tale - mystery, exotic setting, escape, suspense, unexpected attack.   The book is a record of things seen and done by Conrad while in the Belgian Congo.   Conrad uses Marlow, the main character in the book, as a narrator so he himself can enter the story and tell it out of his own philosophical mind.   Conrad's voyages to the Atlantic and Pacific, and the coasts of Seas of the East brought contrasts of novelty and exotic discovery.   By the time Conrad took his harrowing journey into the Congo in 1890, reality had become unconditional.   The African venture figured as his descent into hell.   He returned ravaged by the illness and mental disruption wh ich undermined his health for the remaining years of his life.   Marlow's journey into the Congo, like Conrad's journey, was also meaningful.   Marlow experienced the violent threat of nature, the insensibility of reality, and the moral darkness.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We have noticed that important motives in Heart of Darkness connect the white men with the Africans.   Conrad knew that the white men who come to Africa professing to bring progress and light to "darkest Africa" have themselves been deprived of the sanctions of their European social orders; they also have been alienated from the old tribal ways.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Thrown upon their own inner spiritual resources they may be utterly damned by their greed, their sloth, and their hypocrisy into moral insignificance, as were the pilgrims, or they may be so corrupt by their absolute power over the Africans that some Marlow will need to lay their memory among the 'dead Cats of Civilization.'" (Conrad 105.) The supposed purpose of the Europeans traveling into Africa was to civilize the natives.   Instead they colonized on the native's land and corrupted the natives.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Africans bound with thongs that contracted in the rain and cut to the bone, had their swollen hands beaten with rifle butts until they fell off.   Chained slaves were forced to drink the white man's defecation, hands and feet were chopped off for their rings, men were lined up behind each other and shot with one cartridge , wounded prisoners were eaten by maggots till they die and were then thrown to starving dogs or devoured by cannibal tribes. Revelations of Man's Dark Self in Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness lighthod Heart of Darkness: Revelations of Man's Dark Self  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In Joseph Conrad's book Heart of Darkness the Europeans are cut off from civilization, overtaken by greed, exploitation, and material interests from his own kind.   Conrad develops themes of personal power, individual responsibility, and social justice.   His book has all the trappings of the conventional adventure tale - mystery, exotic setting, escape, suspense, unexpected attack.   The book is a record of things seen and done by Conrad while in the Belgian Congo.   Conrad uses Marlow, the main character in the book, as a narrator so he himself can enter the story and tell it out of his own philosophical mind.   Conrad's voyages to the Atlantic and Pacific, and the coasts of Seas of the East brought contrasts of novelty and exotic discovery.   By the time Conrad took his harrowing journey into the Congo in 1890, reality had become unconditional.   The African venture figured as his descent into hell.   He returned ravaged by the illness and mental disruption wh ich undermined his health for the remaining years of his life.   Marlow's journey into the Congo, like Conrad's journey, was also meaningful.   Marlow experienced the violent threat of nature, the insensibility of reality, and the moral darkness.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We have noticed that important motives in Heart of Darkness connect the white men with the Africans.   Conrad knew that the white men who come to Africa professing to bring progress and light to "darkest Africa" have themselves been deprived of the sanctions of their European social orders; they also have been alienated from the old tribal ways.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Thrown upon their own inner spiritual resources they may be utterly damned by their greed, their sloth, and their hypocrisy into moral insignificance, as were the pilgrims, or they may be so corrupt by their absolute power over the Africans that some Marlow will need to lay their memory among the 'dead Cats of Civilization.'" (Conrad 105.) The supposed purpose of the Europeans traveling into Africa was to civilize the natives.   Instead they colonized on the native's land and corrupted the natives.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Africans bound with thongs that contracted in the rain and cut to the bone, had their swollen hands beaten with rifle butts until they fell off.   Chained slaves were forced to drink the white man's defecation, hands and feet were chopped off for their rings, men were lined up behind each other and shot with one cartridge , wounded prisoners were eaten by maggots till they die and were then thrown to starving dogs or devoured by cannibal tribes.

Korea and the Internet :: Computers Language Communication Papers

Korea and the Internet Since its birth a generation ago, the Internet has been dominated by the English language and North American culture. In a 1998 survey conducted by the Internet research group, eMarketer, two-thirds (68 percent) of a little over 60 million Internet users worldwide reside in just two countries, the United States, with 37 million users, and Canada, which has just over 4 million. About 60 percent of the Internet host computers are located in the United States. Nine out of 10 Internet users today are English-speaking. No fewer than 82 percent of home pages (web sites) are in English, according to the Internet Society’s survey of 60,000 computers with Internet addresses. Yet some foresee an end to this electronic hegemony. The number of non-U.S. Internet users is about to outnumber those inside the country soon and increase by nine-fold over the next five years, from 16.4 million in 1997 to 143 million by the year 2002, representing an annual growth rate of 70 percent. In that case, the present practice of conducting business, presenting news and information, and performing discussion on the Internet will have to be drastically changed. The widespread use of English will eventually be contested and the Internet itself will become multicultural. This is already happening. A consortium of American computer companies has developed a universal digital code known as Unicode to allow computers to represent the letters and characters of virtually all the world’s languages. Major search engines like Yahoo and Excite offer their services in multiple languages. Netscape Communications in partnership with the leading Latin American Internet service, Star Media Network, provides a free Internet guide in Spanish and Portuguese. Internet services in languages other than English, like Star Media, are starting to provide world and regional news, weather, stock listings, e-mail, chat rooms, Internet access and more, all in the users’ native language. Given such developments, optimists argue that far from ending diversity, the Internet will promote it by allowing even small groups of people to disseminate their messages worldwide. By overtaking the "middle range" languages, it may actually protect minority languages threatened with extinction. A wider range of languages on the Internet means at least in theory that a wider range of ideas will be exchanged in a cyberspace, the long-promised global village. Despite a tremendous influx of non-English languages in recent years, however, the Internet has a long way to go before it becomes a truly multilingual medium.

Understand Partnership Working in Services for Children and Young People L 2

Working in partnership with others is very important for children and young people; it will help them to have consistent routines, which is very essential it provides them with a sense of security and structure to their day. All adults who work with children and young people have a duty to get on very well with each other to demonstrate a positive attitude at work setting and to develop good professional relationships and also be a good role model to the children and young people they are caring for, this will help determine the type of care the child needs; temperament, likes, dislikes, health, interest and behaviour. Successful relationships between colleagues will allow them to pull together to create a warm, friendly welcoming atmosphere and maintain a safe environment for the children and young people and also to build a plan fix for individual this will help to avoid any unnecessary conflicts or misunderstanding between them. Parents/carers must always be involved in their children’s daily learning development and willing to work with the child care workers as part of the team, so good relationship and good communication skills between the two parties will have a huge effect on the child’s development, and it will make it easier for both to approach one another for any feedback and concerns for the child which is important to have this information and be aware of any sudden change in the child to act fast, to resolve any problems he/she may have, after all parents/carers and practioners are all aiming at the same goal, that is the health and well being of the children and young people and to make sure that they have the opportunities to get the most out of life. Feedbacks between the two happens either face to face when the parents/carers drop off their children or at the pick up time, but sometimes through informal meetings to discuss their child’s progress and needs, and suggest ways in which parents/carers can stimulate their child’s learning and development at home. The importance of these meetings is to have a clear picture and full understanding of the child in addition to organize activities that will encourage the child’s physical, emotional, intellectual, and social growth. It is the practioners duty to help children explore individual interests, build self-esteem, develop talents and independence and learn how to get along with others. In some cases unfortunately are not straight forward, where outside professional agencies may get involved in the child’s life where there may be issues like for xample, speech difficulties, in this case the child will be referred to speech therapy where he/she be seen by a specialist who will provide sessions on one to one basis, to help the child to improve their speech. For children who are affected by behaviour or emotional difficulties, psychologist will be involved in their learning development. Social services may be involved too if there are any concerns or sign of child abuse, it is their duty to investigate any alleged incident and to assess the risk to the child and their need for protection. Social workers will often work closely with the child and the family to provide them with supports, but if the child is highly at risk of abuse, then the police will be contacted and involved too. Other outside agencies who may be involved are physio, they provide exercises to help children who having problems with their muscular or breathing problems. SENCO is responsible for supporting children with special education needs to reduce the underachievement gap and enable all children to reach their full potential. Children who are facing problems with visual or hearing impairment are referred to sensory impairment team who will offer the best advice to the parents/carers on how to help the child and also how to use equipment effectively. The effective partnership working together is to share information about the child, their interests, routines and working to resolve issues such behaviour, sleep routine etc†¦ That is why it is vital to have good working partnership with parents/carers or guardians, they seem to know their child better than anybody else when it comes to the child’s interests, needs and strengths. Many parents/carers are very supportive and have a very good knowledge on how to help their child, especially where the child has medical or physical disability. When there is poor or lack of communication between the two parties, lot of unnecessary conflicts and misunderstanding will appear causing barriers to partnership which may have a strong effects on the child’s learning development. Sometimes there are various reasons for barriers to partnership working; one of them could be simply language barrier, culture, attitude and social economical background. There are also many reasons can cause barriers between practioners and the child, it can be anything that prevents the child from participating fully because he/she was not given a chance to try certain activities, which make him feel excluded from the group. Some adults have a belief that disabled children are incapable, or to be pitied or feared. Barriers can be environmental too where the premises are inaccessible due to steps or poor lighting or other difficulties that occur within the environment such as the use of complex language; or it could be a lack of discriminatory policies or procedures. In order to promote inclusion, practioners must be aware of features that may cause a barrier to participation. Good communication between partners is central to working with children and young people and parents/carers; it helps build trusts and understanding the perspective of others. It also encourages them to seek advice and uses services; it is key to establishing and maintaining relationships. It is important for practioners to use clear language to communicate with all children, young people, and parents/carers and all partners including people who find communication difficult to overcome any conflicts and misunderstandings, it is best to summarise situations in the appropriate way for the individual, taking account factors such as background, age and personality. Having a clear communication between partners will make it easier to collect and gain information on the children and understand their needs which will help providing the right activities for individual and maintain a safe learning environment for the children and young people whom they are working with, and again it becomes much easier to communicate about issues and resolve problems that inevitably arise. Listening is the heart of clear communication, when people feel listened to and have their feelings accepted, they feel relief and move on to problem solving but when they do not feel understood or they feel judged or are interrupted, their annoyance or upset increases. Policies vary depending on type of work and the business, but there are quite a few policies that every work place should have like A Code of Conduct sets standards of ethical conduct and work place behaviour. Policies in workplace is a statement of principle and practice dealing with ongoing management and administration of the organisation, they act as a guiding frame of reference for how the organisation deals with everything from its day-to day operational problems or how to respond to requirements to comply with legislation, regulation and codes of practice. Policies explain how to perform tasks and duties, it is a procedure specifying who in the organisation is responsible for particular tasks and activities, or how they should be carry out their duties, these should be reasonable and clearly understood. Confidentiality is one of the things that is included in child care policy, it is very vital to be kept private unless otherwise. This confidential information is private and personal; it includes: *Address *Contact number *Birth date *Emergency contact information *Records of any medical history including immunisations *Contact information of the next kin *Details of the child’s GP & dentist *Nutritional restrictions *progress reports that has been gathered by observation *Referrals details *slips/forms of any injury occurring at the program *family changes All these information must be treated confidential in all child care programs and must not be shared outside the programs between friends and families of practioners; it is against the confidentiality policy and can have serious consequences. It can upset lot of people. Trust may be lost causing damage to working relationships and also leads to disciplinary action by superior, not to mention the bad affect on the care worker’s professional reputation. Sensitive information should made available to practitioners only on a need-to-know basis. That means that different practitioners in the same setting will not necessarily have access to the same information. Therefore should not discuss confidential matters with colleagues unless it is appropriate and can be done privately. Sometimes confidential information needs to be discussed with parents/carers, this should be done privately as well. All this confidential information must be stored securely and handed with care. Never leave sensitive paperwork or files where people who do not need to know will have access to them. If a setting stores records on computer, they must be registered on the Data Protection Register. There are rules about what information can be recorded and how information should be kept. Referrals take place for different reasons such as having concerns about the safety, welfare and/ or well being of children etc†¦ Referrals of children in need should whenever possible, be accompanied by a statement of consent from the child or young person and parents/carers. Children and young people who are suffering significant harm will have social services involved in their cases, or maybe even the police depending how serious the harm is. Some children who having difficulty in communication will be referred to speech therapy, who will arrange one to one sessions once a week with parents/carers permission, the child will be assessed by specialist to help them recognize the cause of speech delay or problem, and what kind of methods and activities will be useful for individual to be able to respond to the treatment he/she be receiving. Other children may have different issues like behaviour, or emotional difficulties, in this case they will be seen by psychologist and again same procedure will be needed. Physio will deal with children and young people who have muscular or emotional problems. Physio will use exercise for this matters.